The Truth About Sunscreen – Insights From a Dermatologist, Dr. Catherine Borysiewicz

Lately, social media has been abuzz with influencers questioning the necessity and safety of sunscreen. These claims raise a crucial question: Is there any truth to them?

While the allure of a sun-kissed glow is strong, scientific evidence presents a different perspective. In this blog, we’ll uncover the truth about sunscreen giving you an in-depth look at the science behind it and the real benefits sunscreen can have on your skin.

Sunburn: More Than Skin Deep

A sunburn signifies more than just surface-level damage; it’s an indicator that skin cells are dying, initiating an immune response that results in redness, pain, and swelling. Even a light tan is a sign of skin damage and a precursor to “inflammaging”.

The Importance of Sun Protection

Sun protection is vital for maintaining the health of your skin, the body’s largest organ. Here’s why it’s essential and how antioxidants can help support your skin from within.

Inflammation and Aging: The Silent Threat

Protecting your skin from UV damage goes beyond preventing sunburn; it’s crucial for overall health. UV radiation generates free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin, damaging DNA, proteins, and lipids. This damage triggers an inflammatory response that affects the entire body, not just the skin.

While acute inflammation is part of the healing process, chronic low-grade inflammation, known as “inflammaging,” can accelerate ageing and harm overall health. Each exposure to excessive UV rays initiates skin inflammaging, leading over time to visible signs of ageing such as wrinkles and sunspots, and increasing the risk of skin cancer.

Sunscreen and Sunblock: The Science

Though often used interchangeably, sunscreen and sunblock function differently. Sunblock acts as a physical barrier, containing minerals like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide that reflect UV rays. Sunscreen absorbs UV radiation, preventing it from penetrating the skin, with ingredients such as oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate.

Concerns about these chemicals affecting hormone levels and damaging coral reefs have led to bans in some areas, such as Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands, and increased scrutiny by the FDA. In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) also monitors sunscreen safety. Fortunately, there are many safe alternatives, including mineral formulas recommended by the Environmental Working Group (EWG).

Antioxidants: Your Internal Defense

While external protection is crucial, the main truth about sunscreen is internal support is equally as important. Antioxidants neutralise free radicals, preventing cellular damage and reducing the risk of skin cancer. They help by:

• Protecting skin cells from damage.
• Promoting the repair of damaged skin cells.
• Enhancing skin resilience against future damage.

Key Antioxidants for Skin Health

A diet rich in antioxidants can significantly boost skin health:

• Beta-carotene: Converts to vitamin A, protecting against UV damage and slowing ageing. Found in carrots, sweet potatoes, and dark leafy greens.
• Vitamin C: Brightens skin, boosts collagen, and combats ageing. Sources include citrus fruits, bell peppers, berries, kiwi, and broccoli.
• Vitamin E: Protects cell membranes from oxidative stress, improves elasticity, and reduces sunspots. Found in almonds, sunflower seeds, hazelnuts, and avocados.
• Polyphenols: Provide hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory effects. Present in brightly-coloured fruits and vegetables, dark chocolate, and green tea.

Integrating External and Internal Protection

The truth about sunscreen is combining sun protection with antioxidant support creates a comprehensive defence against UV damage. Here’s how to integrate both:

• Morning Routine: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 after moisturising. Incorporate a vitamin C serum for added protection.
• Diet: Start with a smoothie rich in antioxidants, such as berries and spinach.
• Hydration: Drink sufficient water daily—3.7 litres (about 15 cups) for men and 2.7 litres (about 11 cups) for women, as recommended by the Mayo Clinic.
• Supplements: Consider an antioxidant supplement, especially if you have a demanding lifestyle or dietary restrictions.
• Evening Routine: Apply a moisturiser with antioxidants after cleansing to repair and nourish your skin overnight.

Regional Recommendations

In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) recommends using sunscreen with a high SPF and UVA rating, reapplying regularly, and seeking shade during peak sun hours. Similar guidelines are advised by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) in the USA.

The main truth about sunscreen to take away from this blog is that protecting your skin from the sun and supporting it with antioxidants is essential for long-term health. Don’t be swayed by social media trends that downplay the importance of sun protection. Instead, adopt a balanced approach by using sunblock daily and consuming antioxidant-rich foods and skincare products. Your skin, as your largest organ, deserves the best care, both inside and out.

Written by Dr. Catherine Borysiewicz, Consultant dermatologist

References 

1. NHS, “Sunburn – Symptoms and Causes.” Link
2. American Academy of Dermatology, “Sunburn and Inflammation.”
3. Clinical Dermatology, “Inflammation and Aging: A Review.”
4. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, “Mechanisms of Skin Aging and Inflammaging.” [Link]
5. Environmental Working Group, “Sunscreen Guide.” Link
6. FDA, “Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun.”
7. British Journal of Dermatology, “Antioxidants in Skin Health.”
8. The Journal of Nutrition, “Dietary Antioxidants and Skin Health.” 9. Mayo Clinic, “Water: How much should you drink every day?” Link 10. NHS, “Sun safety tips.” Link
9. American Academy of Dermatology, “Sunscreen FAQs.”